Effects of Inhalational versus Intravenous Anesthesia on VEGF Levels in Lung Tumors
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. In addition to surgery, bronchoscopy plays a key role in the diagnosis of lung cancer. However, both surgical procedures and anesthesia may influence immune responses and angiogenesis. Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) is a key mediator involved in these processes. The study aimed to assess the effect of inhalation anesthesia with sevoflurane and intravenous anesthesia with propofol on changes in serum levels of VEGF in patients with lung cancer undergoing bronchoscopy. This study employed an experimental desi
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